Advantages of microservices and disadvantages to know
Microservices architecture is an approach to system design that breaks complex systems into more minor, more manageable services. Using microservices frameworks results in more scalable, flexible, and easier-to-maintain systems.
Applications built using this architecture consist of small, independently deployable services that communicate with each other through APIs. By breaking down complex systems into more minor services, microservices architecture provides improved scalability, flexibility, and maintenance simplicity.
Advantages of microservices architecture
- Accelerate scalability
- Improve fault isolation
- Enhance team productivity
- Quicker deployment time
Increase cost-efficiency
This guide explains the advantages and disadvantages of microservices and how to manage and streamline microservices to simplify scalable app development. Microservices architecture is vital for DevOps because it promotes faster development cycles, reduces risk, and improves scalability and resilience.
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マイクロサービスとは?
Unlike monolithic applications, microservices architecture helps teams implement new features and make changes quickly — without having to rewrite large portions of existing code.
Microservices architecture splits an application into a series of independently deployable services. Multiple microservices combine to create an application, each providing a piece of functionality for a domain.
Microservices loosely interact with each other using APIs, such as REST or gRPC. Teams can deploy and scale each service separately, enabling the rapid and frequent delivery of large, complex applications.
How do microservices work?
Microservices architecture differs significantly from monolithic frameworks. Each approach has its strengths. Which one is the right approach for you? Read microservices vs. monolith to find out more.
The microservices framework differs from the monolithic architecture because it does not function as a single unit. Instead, it operates as a collection of independently deployable applications. An API gateway facilitates the dependence of applications on microservices APIs, allowing the swapping of microservices for others without any disruption.
The following are characteristics of microservices:
- Each microservice runs autonomously with its business logic, database, and API.
- Microservices architecture provides flexibility for plug-and-play upgrades, simplifying the scaling of specific components within an application without impacting the entire system. Containers are the primary means of deploying microservices on cloud platforms such as Amazon AWS and Microsoft Azure.
- DevOps tools like Kubernetes and Docker efficiently distribute processing power and other resources to microservices.
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マイクロサービスのメリット
Microservices deliver flexibility and agility through modular architecture, fostering faster development cycles and easier maintenance.
The following are five reasons companies are adopting microservices architecture:
1. Accelerate scalability
DevOps teams seamlessly introduce new components without causing any downtime, thanks to the independent operation of each service within the microservices architecture. They can choose each service's best language or technology without compatibility concerns.
Deploying services across multiple servers can mitigate the performance impact of individual components and help companies avoid vendor lock-in.
2. Improve fault isolation
Microservices architecture is compartmentalized — if one service encounters a fault or failure, it doesn’t propagate across the entire system.
3. Enhance team productivity
Microservices architecture allows small, focused teams to concentrate on a particular service’s development, deployment, and maintenance without being burdened by the complexities of the entire system.
Microservices architecture fosters a sense of ownership and expertise within teams, enabling specialized team members to make informed decisions, iterate quickly, and maintain a high quality of service within their domain.
4. Quicker deployment time
In monolithic architectures, changing necessitates redeploying the entire application. Microservices architecture enables faster releases because each service evolves and deploys independently, reducing the risk and time associated with coordinating changes across an entire application.
Decoupling services in this manner enhances agility. You can swiftly roll out updates or fixes with minimal disruption to the overall system.
5. Increase Cost-efficiency
Microservices architecture optimizes resource allocation and maintenance because teams work on small, well-defined services. Efforts are localized to specific services, reducing overall development and system maintenance costs. Teams focus on specific functionality, ensuring resources are used efficiently without redundancy or excess capacity.
マイクロサービスのデメリット
- Increased complexity: Because microservices are distributed, managing service communication can be challenging. Developers may have to write extra code to ensure smooth communication between modules.
- Deployment and versioning challenges: Coordinating deployments and managing version control across multiple services can be complex, leading to compatibility issues.
- Testing complexity: Testing microservices involves complex scenarios, mainly when conducting integration testing across various services. Orchestrating this task can be challenging.
- Debugging difficulties: It can be demanding to debug an application that contains multiple microservices, each with its own set of logs. A single business process can run across multiple machines simultaneously, compounding complexity.
Data management challenges: Data consistency and transactions across multiple services can be complex. Microservices architecture calls for careful data management and coordination to support data integrity.
While many companies increasingly prefer microservices architecture, you can overcome operational hurdles and foster resilience within a microservices-based system by following DevOps best practices and embracing the procedures mentioned below.
How to manage microservice architecture
- Monitoring and logging: Implementing robust monitoring and logging systems is crucial. Monitoring simplifies tracking real-time service performance, finding bottlenecks, and detecting issues. Comprehensive logs help developers debug and trace transactions across services, supporting system health and reliability.
- Effective communication among services: Setting up efficient communication channels among microservices is essential. Well-defined APIs ensure smooth service interaction, improving system cohesion and minimizing communication errors.
- DevOps practices: DevOps practices are pivotal for managing microservices. Continuous delivery streamlines the development, testing, and deployment processes. DevOps fosters agility and reliability by automating tasks, ensuring faster and more reliable releases while maintaining the microservices architecture’s stability and scalability.
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Centralizing all information: When building microservices and managing the complexities of distributed architecture, use Compass. This extensible developer experience platform brings disconnected information, such as engineering output and team collaboration, together in a central, searchable location.
Use Compass to streamline microservices
Microservices architecture is resilient: If one aspect of the app fails, the rest of the system remains operational. Additionally, it offers scalability, cost-efficiency, productivity improvements, and accelerated deployment.
ただし、マイクロサービス・アーキテクチャは複雑です。Compass は、コンポーネント・カタログでマイクロサービスのスプロール化を阻止します。このツールは、ベスト・プラクティスの作成に役立ち、スコアカードを通じてソフトウェアの状態を評価し、Atlassian Forge プラットフォームの拡張機能を利用して DevOps ツールチェーン全体でデータとインサイトを提供します。
マイクロサービスの利点：よくある質問
マイクロサービスを使用している企業の実例を挙げてください。
Amazon、Netflix、Uber のような将来を見据えたダイナミックな企業がマイクロサービスを採用しています。マイクロサービスを使用することにより、これらの企業は必要に応じてアプリをスケーリングし、サービスを追加し、市場に対応できます。これらの企業のシステムには回復力があります。システムがダウンすると、ダウンタイム 1 分あたり数千ドルものコストが発生する可能性があるため、コスト節約になっています。
プロジェクトにマイクロサービスを選ぶとき、どのような要素を考慮すべきでしょうか？
- プロジェクトの複雑さ：マイクロサービス・アーキテクチャは、複雑さを管理しやすいサービスに分解できるため、大規模で複雑なプロジェクトにとってメリットがあります。単純なプロジェクトは、マイクロサービス・アーキテクチャのオーバーヘッドに見合わないことがあります。
- スケーラビリティ要件：マイクロサービスは、アプリケーションがスケーラブルで柔軟なコンポーネントを必要とする場合に適しています。
- チームの専門知識：マイクロサービス・アーキテクチャには専門的なスキルが必要なため、開発チーム内の技術的専門知識を評価することが不可欠です。
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組織の準備状況：マイクロサービス・アーキテクチャを実装するには、開発手法、コミュニケーション構造、運用プロセスの調整が必要です。組織がこれらの変化に備えていることを確認することが重要です。
マイクロサービスは、なぜ保守と更新を管理しやすいのですか？
- マイクロサービス・アーキテクチャを使用することで、アプリケーション全体を中断することなく、特定のサービスに的を絞った変更が可能になります。1 か所でも変更するとシステムの再デプロイが必要になるモノリシック・アーキテクチャとは異なり、マイクロサービスはモジュール構造をしているため、局所的な変更が可能です。
- 各サービスは、明確に定義された境界と機能で独立して動作します。この自律性により、開発者は変更の影響を最小限に抑え、更新や保守を必要とするサービスに集中できます。
このような細分化されたアプローチにより、開発プロセスが合理化され、変更が特定のサービスに限定されるため、更新に関連するリスクが軽減されます。他のサービスから切り離されているマイクロサービスでは、管理しやすく効率的な保守プロセスが保証されています。これにより、アプリケーションの安定性を損なうことなく、俊敏性が向上し、迅速な更新が可能になります。
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