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工作协议

每个人都有不同的工作方式,但要实现目标,就必须协同工作。概述团队的共同工作方式,以便设定共同期望、节省时间并有效协作。

人们在桌子旁一起工作
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准备时间

10 分钟

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持续时间

60 分钟

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人数

2-10

5 秒摘要

  • Understand when and how your teammates work best.
  • Set mutual expectations for team communication.
  • Determine the most efficient, effective ways to work together.
您将需要
  • 具有屏幕共享功能的视频会议。
  • Digital collaboration tool (see template examples).
  • Optional: physical whiteboard, markers, and sticky notes.
演练资源
Confluence 模板

How to create team Working Agreements

创建共享规范,帮助您的团队通力合作,实现共同的目标。

What is a Working Agreement?

Working Agreements are shared norms for how a team will work together, communicate, and collaborate, whether they’re in the same location or across multiple time zones.

Why create Working Agreements?

Each person has their own practices, but achieving goals as a team requires adopting ways of working that work for everyone. Even when things seem to be going smoothly, there is always room for improvement.

Atlassian’s Teamwork Lab tested this Play at Atlassian and found:

  • 74% of employees who ran this Play felt empowered to speak up about changes they’d like to see within their team to work better together.
  • Working Agreements helped teams create stronger buy-in from every team member, share ownership of decisions, and develop long-term solutions to problems with ways of working.

When should you run a Working Agreements Play?

Whether your team is new or well-established, there’s never a “bad” time to create Working Agreements. This Play is especially helpful when onboarding new team members, after a re-org, or when work scenarios change.

The benefits of Working Agreements

Research from Atlassian’s Teamwork Lab and academic literature suggests Working Agreements help:

  1. Run fewer, more purposeful meetings (and know when to make them async).
  2. Communicate clearly.
  3. Reduce misunderstandings.
  4. 加强沟通
  5. Increase team performance
  6. Improve conflict resolution
  7. Increase psychological safety
  8. Accelerate onboarding

1. Facilitator prep

预估时间: 5 分钟
  • Send a message to the team explaining the Play to ensure everyone understands the topic and goal of the meeting: to create a set of behavioral agreements that will guide how to work together.
  • Create a collaborative document, such as a Trello board, whiteboard, or a Confluence page.
  • Send the document to the team at least a few days ahead of the Play with instructions on what to do. (See “Team member prep” and “Leader prep” below.) Provide context around Working Agreements and the importance they play in setting up a team for success. If you’ve created a Team Poster, include that in your message to remind everyone of the team’s purpose and objectives.
  • Collect issues the team is currently facing, either from a Retrospective or previous experiences and feedback. These challenges will inform the Play.
提示:制作您的用户手册

A great way to help new team members, contractors, project teams, stakeholders, and network teams onboard with your team quickly is to complete a User Manual that explains how you like to work.

2. Team member prep

预估时间: 5 分钟

Ask each person to fill out the template with one or two thoughts about each of the following topics. (People can also link to their User Manual to explain more about how they work best.)

  • 名称
  • 工作地点和时区
  • 工作时间和承诺
  • 工作环境和偏好
  • 我喜欢收到反馈的程度
  • Context about me

3. 领导者准备

预估时间: 10 分钟

Before the live Play workshop, fill out a draft of the following two sections in the template.

沟通渠道

Consider how your team is going to effectively communicate. Fill in the channel, its purpose, the audience, and any standards set for communication in that space. For example, you may use Confluence as the single source of truth for documentation and planning, along with Slack for daily communication.

上报流程

As the saying goes, a failure to plan is a plan to fail. Consider how you want your team to escalate pressing issues or make decisions when they can’t reach a consensus. Fill in who the decider is, how you will handle escalations, what level of transparency you will provide, and how you will inform others of decisions.

Not sure how to handle escalations? Try our DACI decision-making framework. You can also work with your team to provide a Clean Escalations pathway that will outline options for escalation and guide better decision-making.

4. Start the Play by setting the stage

预估时间: 15 分钟

Open the workshop by recapping the purpose of the meeting and setting some mutual agreements for the workshop, such as asking the team to:

  • 保持开放的心态
  • 练习积极倾听,并鼓励所有人做出贡献
  • Minimize distractions and maximize connection: phones away, cameras on, ‘Do not disturb’ on
  • Try not to interrupt others, and give everyone an opportunity to speak
  • Remember that the Working Agreements will be adjusted over time


Next, provide a summary of the current team challenges gathered before the workshop. These challenges help spark ideas for how to improve ways of working.

Then, give the team five minutes to silently read through the draft document that everyone contributed to as pre-work. Team members can comment on the page too.

Finally, ask each person to share one new thing they learned about another team member. This will help everyone get to know each other better and warm up the conversation.

提示:注重人,而不是流程

This Play is about working together as people. If ideas around process come up, create a “Parking Lot,” and set up a separate time to talk about those topics so you can keep the group focused.

5. Edit Communication Channels

预估时间: 10 分钟

Take ten minutes to discuss and edit the Communication Channels section as a team. You can make edits to the digital document and/or write ideas on a physical whiteboard if you’re meeting in person. (Just make sure to document digital notes from the physical whiteboard for future reference.)

Conversation starters:

  • 有任何补充、删除或变更吗?
  • 我们什么时候应该审查这是否有效?
  • How do we want other teams, leaders, or stakeholders to communicate with us?
提示:达成让步,而非共识

Having trouble agreeing on the best way to achieve results as a team? It’s very common for team members to have different preferences. One person may prefer to use Slack, while another prefers a Zoom call. Use voting to arrive at a comfortable compromise to try as a team, with the promise that this is a starting point to test and adjust over time.

6. Create or refine your meeting plan

预估时间: 30 分钟

Collaboration is essential to hitting your team’s goals, but it doesn’t always require a meeting. During this part of the workshop, you’ll discuss as a team why, when, and how to use synchronous meetings and asynchronous communication, such as sending written updates with a tool like Slack, video updates with a tool like Loom, or brainstorming with a tool like Confluence whiteboards.

(Trying to decide whether synchronous or asynchronous communication makes more sense? See the difference between sync vs. async so you can choose which medium is best for each situation.)

As you narrow down the cases when a meeting is needed, talk through these questions with your team to audit existing meetings and thoughtfully plan for the future:

  • What types of meetings are needed?
  • What meeting format will help accomplish our goals? (Page-led meetings are especially effective.)
  • What cadence and length are appropriate?
  • Who should attend, and what are their roles in the meeting?
  • Which of these meetings will we allow an AI notetaker to attend by default?

When async communication is a good alternative, talk through these questions with your team:

  • What types of async communication will help us accomplish our goals? (e.g., written messages, videos, whiteboarding, etc.)
  • Who should be involved, and what are their roles? (e.g., Who’s creating content, and by when? Who’s contributing, and by when? Who’s reviewing, and by when)?
  • What should the cadence be?

Figuring out the right balance between sync and async communication may take some experimentation. Finish this part of the conversation by discussing: When should we review if this is working?

提示:时区争议

Have a distributed team working across multiple time zones? It can help to map out collaboration windows to create a shared understanding of the hours that best suit synchronous activities.

7. Edit the Escalation Process

预估时间: 10 分钟

Review and edit the Escalation Process section that your leader started. Discuss as a team any additions or changes that need to be made until the team comes to a consensus.

8. Establish a Continuous Improvement Plan

预估时间: 10 分钟

The Working Agreements set during this workshop are simply a starting point that can – and should – be updated over time. As the final step of the workshop, discuss how you will adjust these agreements as the team learns and grows.

Conversation starters:

  • When should we revisit these Working Agreements, and why? (e.g., quarterly based on lessons learned, after a big milestone, etc.)
  • How will we decide if an Agreement needs to be adjusted?
  • What level of transparency is required and/or “nice to have”?
  • How will we share any changes?

跟进

Keep agreements top of mind

Like any guidelines, Working Agreements are like muscles that need to be flexed. Document them in your shared workspace (like Confluence), reiterate them when collaborating or experiencing moments of conflict, and review them quarterly.

定期重温

Beyond quarterly Working Agreement reviews, it’s also helpful to revisit when onboarding new team members, during team reorgs, when work scenarios change, or when an agreement can no longer be upheld. This is especially important if your team transitions to hybrid or fully distributed work. Your rituals and agreements will have to change to accommodate different geographies, time zones, and technology.

Go through and vote to keep or change existing agreements. Then have team members brainstorm, propose, and vote on any additional agreements.

如果协议无法维持,请讨论可能遇到的障碍。

变体

Test your Working Agreements with a set of reflections:

  • 想想那些合作得很好的团队。这些团队做了什么我们可以采用?
  • 我们这支团队可以做些什么来避免其他团队犯过的错误?

2. 团队准备 5 分钟

在直播研讨会之前将模板发送给您的团队成员。提供有关工作协议的背景信息,以及这些协议在为取得成功而组建团队方面的重要性。确保将文档标记为“草稿”或“进行中的工作”。发出您的团队海报,让每个团队成员都熟悉您作为一个团队所做的工作以及原因。尚未对团队的目的和目标达到很好的共识?首先运行团队海报 Play

请您的团队成员每人分享以下内容:

  • 名称
  • 工作地点和时区
  • 工作时间和承诺
  • 工作环境和偏好
  • 我喜欢收到反馈的程度
  • 关于我的背景。本练习中将其限制为一分或两分。要获得加分,鼓励团队成员关联其用户手册,详细说明他们如何最高效地工作。
提示:制作您的用户手册

帮助新的团队成员、外包人员、项目团队、责任人和网络团队快速加入您的团队的一个好方法是完成一份用户手册,解释您喜欢的工作方式。

提示:时区争议

有一个跨多个时区工作的分布式团队?它可帮助规划协作窗口,就最适合同步活动的时间达成共识

5. 建立沟通渠道 10 分钟

花十分钟与团队讨论“沟通渠道”部分。

讨论思考启示:

  • 有任何补充、删除或变更吗?
  • 我们什么时候应该审查这是否有效?
  • 我们希望其他团队、领导者或责任人如何与我们沟通
提示:达成让步,而非共识

在作为一个团队取得成果的最佳方法上达成共识有困难?团队成员有不同的偏好很正常;一个团队成员可能更喜欢使用 Slack,而另一个团队成员更喜欢直播 Zoom 通话。利用投票来达成一个舒适的折衷方案,作为一个团队进行尝试,并承诺这并非一成不变!随着时间的推移,你们将作为一个团队学习并取得进步。

一组问号

还有问题?

与其他 Atlassian 使用手册用户开始对话、获取支持或提供反馈。

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