製品バックログ - その概要と作成方法

健全なプロダクトバックログとは、人間と同様に、
グルーミング (手入れ) が行き届き、整理され、オープンな状態にあるものを指します。

Dan Radigan 作成者 Dan Radigan
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A well-prioritized agile backlog not only makes release and iteration planning easier, it broadcasts all the things your team intends to spend time on—including internal work that the customer will never notice. This helps set expectations with stakeholders and other teams, especially when they bring additional work to you, and makes engineering time a fixed asset.

プロダクトバックログとは?

製品バックログとは、製品ロードマップと要件に基づいて開発チームが行う作業に優先順位を設定したリストです。製品バックログの一番上に最重要項目が表示されるので、チームは最初に取り掛かることがわかります。チームが製品所有者のぺースでバックログを処理することも、製品所有者が開発チームに作業を指示することもありません。開発チームは余裕があるときに製品バックログから継続的 (カンバン) または反復的 (スクラム) に作業を引き出します。

アジャイルイニシアチブとエピック|アトラシアンアジャイルコーチ

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Keep everything in one issue tracker–don’t use multiple systems to track bugs, requirements, and engineering work items. If it’s work for the development team, keep it in a single backlog.

Benefits of a product backlog

A well-managed product backlog can bring numerous benefits to a development team. Some of the key benefits include:

  • Improved prioritization: A product backlog helps to ensure that the most critical tasks are being worked on first.
  • Increased efficiency: By prioritizing tasks based on customer feedback and business objectives, teams can ensure they work on the most valuable tasks.
  • Better communication: A product backlog ensures everyone is aligned and working towards the same goals.
  • Reduced waste: By prioritizing tasks based on customer feedback and business objectives, teams can reduce waste and ensure that they are not working on tasks that are not valuable.
  • Improved customer satisfaction: By prioritizing tasks based on customer feedback, teams can ensure they deliver customers' desired features and functionality.

Overall, a well-managed product backlog is essential for agile product development. It ensures that teams are working on the most valuable tasks and that everyone is aligned and working towards the same goals.

2 つの「R」から始める

チームのロードマップ要件は、プロダクト バックログの基礎を成すものです。ロードマップのイニシアチブは複数のエピックに分割され、各エピックに複数の要件とユーザー ストーリーがあります。「Teams in Space」という架空の製品のロードマップを見てみましょう。

ロードマップの最初のイニシアチブは「Teams in Space」の Web サイトであるため、このイニシアチブをエピック (ここでは緑、青、ティールで表示) と各エピックのユーザー ストーリーに分割します。

次に、プロダクト所有者は各ユーザーストーリーを開発チーム用の単一リストに編成します。プロダクト所有者は最初に 1 つの完全なエピックを作るか (左)、複数のエピックでストーリーを構成します (右)。後者は割引フライトのテスト予約のように、プログラム上重要であることもあります。以下に、それぞれの例を示します。

プロダクトオーナーの優先順位設定に影響する要素は何ですか?

  • 顧客の優先事項
  • フィードバック取得の緊急度
  • 実装の相対的な難易度
  • 作業項目間の共生関係 (A を先に完了すると B が容易になるなど)

プロダクト所有者はバックログの優先順位を設定する必要がありますが、他と無関係に行うわけではありません。効果的に活動するプロダクト所有者は、顧客、デザイナー、開発チームから情報とフィードバックを受け、全員の作業負荷とプロダクト デリバリーを最適化します。

製品バックログを効果的に管理する方法

製品バックログを構築した後は、プログラムに応じて定期的にメンテナンスすることが重要です。製品所有者はイテレーション計画ミーティングの前にバックログをレビューし、優先順位が正しく、最終イテレーションからのフィードバックが反映されていることを確認する必要があります。バックログを定期的にレビューすることを、アジャイルの世界では「バックログ・グルーミング」と呼びます(バックログ・リファインメントという用語を使用することもあります)。

Once the backlog gets larger, product owners need to group the backlog into near-term and long-term items. Near-term items need to be fully fleshed out before they are labeled as such. This means complete user stories have been drawn up, collaboration with design and development has been sorted out, and estimates from development have been made. Longer term items can remain a bit vague, though it's a good idea to get a rough estimate from the development team to help prioritize them. The key word here is "rough": estimates will change once the team fully understands and begins work on those longer term items.

バックログは、プロダクト所有者と開発チームの間をつなぐ役割を果たします。プロダクト所有者は顧客からのフィードバック、見積もりの精緻化、新規要件をもとに、バックログでの作業の優先順位を自由に再設定できます。作業開始後は、開発チームの集中力、作業フロー、意欲の妨げとなることのないよう、変更は最小限に留めましょう。

Building a product roadmap

熟練したプロダクトオーナーはプログラムのプロダクトバックログを厳密にグルーミングし、プロジェクトの作業項目の信頼性を高めて共有できるようにします。

製品バックログを活用してチームのアジャイルを実現

Stakeholders will challenge priorities, and that's good. Fostering discussion around what's important gets everyone's priorities in sync. These discussions foster a culture of group prioritization ensuring everyone shares the same mindset on the program.

製品バックログは、イテレーション計画の基礎にもなります。バックログにはすべての作業項目を盛り込みます(ユーザー・ストーリー、バグ、設計の変更、技術的負債、顧客からの依頼、過去に遡っての要処理事項など)。これにより、全員の作業項目がイテレーションごとの全体的な話し合いに含まれるようにするためです。チーム・メンバーは製品所有者と話し合って調整し、やるべきことを完全に把握してからイテレーションに取り掛かります。

Communicating with the team

Effective communication is critical when creating a product backlog. The product owner should work closely with the development team to ensure everyone understands the product backlog and the priorities. The product owner should also communicate with other teams, such as sales and marketing, to ensure everyone is aligned and working towards the same goals. 

Regular meetings and updates ensure everyone is on the same page and that the product backlog is effectively managed.

Still need guidance? Check out the free product backlog template from Jira.

How to prioritize a product backlog

Backlog graph screenshot.

Backlog prioritization is essential for ensuring the development team focuses on tasks that deliver maximum impact. Here’s how to approach it:

Various backlog prioritization techniques, such as MoSCoW and weighted scoring, can help teams manage and order tasks effectively. The prioritization process involves regularly revising and realigning goals to adapt to a dynamic business environment.

Step 1. Evaluate customer needs

  • Identify features or fixes that will have the highest value for your users.
  • Use customer feedback, surveys, or analytics to pinpoint priorities.

Step 2. Assess urgency for feedback

  • Prioritize items that will generate actionable insights for the team or stakeholders.
  • For example, testing a new feature early can save time and resources later.

Step 3. Consider implementation complexity

  • Balance your backlog by including quick wins and more complex, long-term projects.
  • Weigh the effort-to-impact ratio to ensure resources are spent wisely.

Step 4. Account for dependencies

  • Identify tasks that must be completed before others can proceed.
  • Streamline workflows by handling foundational work first.

Reliable tools that support backlog prioritization can streamline product development and enhance efficiency. While the product owner leads prioritization, involving the development team, designers, and stakeholders fosters a shared understanding of priorities. Regular discussions ensure alignment and improve decision-making.

Pro tip: Use prioritization frameworks like MoSCoW (Must-have, Should-have, Could-have, and Won’t-have) or weighted scoring to make objective, data-driven decisions. Teams can implement their own unique prioritization frameworks using the flexible prioritization feature in Jira Product Discovery.

How to effectively manage a product backlog

Once the product backlog is built, it’s crucial to maintain it to keep pace with the program regularly. Product owners should review the backlog before each iteration planning meeting to ensure prioritization is correct and feedback from the last iteration has been incorporated. Regular backlog review, often called product backlog refinement in agile circles, ensures that tasks are aligned with stakeholder insights and prepares the team for the upcoming sprint (some use the term backlog refinement).

Once the backlog gets larger, product owners need to group the backlog into near-term and long-term items. Near-term items need to be fully fleshed out before they are labeled as such. This means complete user stories have been drawn up, collaboration with design and development has been sorted out, and estimates from development have been made. 

Longer-term items can remain vague, though it’s a good idea to get a rough estimate from the development team to help prioritize them. The key word here is “rough,” as estimates will change once the team fully understands and begins work on them.

The backlog serves as the connection between the product owner and the development team. The product owner can re-prioritize work in the backlog based on customer feedback, refining estimates, and new requirements. However, once work is in progress, changes should be kept to a minimum, as they disrupt the development team and affect focus, flow, and morale.

Pro tip: Once the backlog grows beyond the team’s long-term capacity, closing issues the team will never get to is okay. For future research, flag those issues with a specific resolution, like “out of scope,” in the team’s issue tracker.

Anti-patterns to watch for

  • The product owner prioritizes the backlog at the start of the project but doesn’t adjust it as feedback rolls in from developers and stakeholders.
  • The team limits items on the backlog to those that are customer-facing.
  • The backlog is kept as a document stored locally and shared infrequently, preventing interested parties from getting updates.

Product backlogs keep teams agile

Savvy product owners rigorously groom their program’s product backlog to create a reliable and sharable outline of the project's work items.

Stakeholders will challenge priorities, and that’s good. Fostering discussion around what’s important gets everyone’s priorities in sync. These discussions foster a culture of group prioritization, ensuring everyone shares the same mindset about the program.

A well-prioritized agile backlog clarifies what the team intends to spend time on, highlighting visible and internal tasks. The product backlog also serves as the foundation for iteration planning. All work items should be included in the backlog: user stories, bugs, design changes, technical debt, customer requests, action items from the retrospective, etc. This ensures everyone’s work items are included in the overall discussion for each iteration. Team members can then make trade-offs with the product owner before starting an iteration with complete knowledge of everything that needs to be done.

Pro tip: Product owners dictate the priority of work items in the backlog, while the development team dictates its velocity. This can be a tenuous relationship for new product owners who want to “push” work to the team. This article explains work-in-progress limits and flow.

アジャイルの矢印

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