프로젝트 관리란?

Understanding project management

Project management guides a project from start to finish. With a structured approach, teams can achieve specific goals within a defined time, budget, and resource constraints. Whether you're launching a new product, organizing an event, or implementing a company-wide initiative, effective project management drives success.

The core phases of project management include:

• Planning: In the first stage, you'll define project scope, objectives, and steps to achieve them. This stage involves creating a detailed roadmap, planning resources, and identifying potential risks.
• Executing: This is where you put the plan into action by coordinating people and resources, managing stakeholder expectations, and overseeing the completion of tasks.
• Monitoring: Monitoring involves tracking progress, measuring performance against key indicators, and adjusting as needed to keep the project on track.
• Closing: This is the formal ending of the project. In this stage, you'll evaluate the project's success, document lessons learned, and release resources.

So why do businesses need project management? Let's take a look at a few reasons:

• Achieve the project goals within the defined scope
• Complete the project within the allocated time frame
• Stay within the approved budget
• Deliver high-quality results
• Manage risks and address issues that come up
• Improve communication among teams and stakeholders

Types of project management

Have you heard the adage “more than one way to cook an egg”? There’s no one strategy for completing a kick-ass project. That’s where a project management methodology comes into play. It’s a set of rules, principles, and processes for managing a project.

Methodologies might sound formal, but you have some room to innovate here! It’s important to note that many teams and companies use a combination rather than relying exclusively on one. Regardless of your approach, it should help promote a strong culture of transparency.

1. 애자일 프로젝트 관리

프로젝트 관리 프로세스의 첫 단계는 계획이라고 생각합니까? 그렇지 않습니다. 이해 관계자의 승인을 받으려면 먼저 더 넓은 수준에서 전략을 이해해야 합니다. 이 단계에서는 승인을 받으려는 프로젝트의 비즈니스 목표를 개략적으로 설명하는 프로젝트 헌장을 사용할 수 있습니다. 그 대신 이해하기 쉽고 더 빠르고 읽기 쉬운 프로젝트 포스터를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. 이 단계에서는 다음과 같은 질문에 답할 수 있어야 합니다.

• 이 프로젝트의 비즈니스 사례는 무엇입니까? Atlassian의 전략 계획 템플릿이 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
• 이 프로젝트는 실현 가능한가?
• 이 프로젝트를 계속 추진해야 하는가?

즉, 이 단계에서는 지나친 힘과 노력을 쏟기 전에 이 프로젝트에 뛰어들 가치가 있는지 판단해야 합니다.

토론을 지원하는 좋은 방법은 무엇이 잘못될 수 있는지 상상하고 그것을 방지하는 방법을 결정하는 생각 연습인 사전 점검입니다.

2. Waterfall project management

기존의 순차적 프로젝트 관리를 생각하면 워터폴 프로젝트 관리가 떠오를 것입니다. 이 방법을 사용하면 프로젝트를 여러 단계로 나눌 수 있습니다. 한 단계가 끝나면 다음 단계가 시작되며 두 단계 사이에 겹치는 부분은 없습니다.

3. Scrum

커피 들고 충전기를 챙기세요. 이제 나설 시간입니다. 이제부터 여러분과 팀은 프로젝트 계획에 따라 소매를 걷어붙이고 프로젝트 작업에 제대로 뛰어들 것입니다. 실행 단계에서는 다음이 필요합니다.

• 필수 리소스 할당
• 담당자가 각자 작업을 수행하도록 확인
• 상태 미팅 주최
• 추적 시스템 설정

이 단계에서 대부분의 업무가 이루어지며 프로젝트가 제대로 진행되는지 확인할 수도 있습니다. 이제 잘 아실 것으로 믿습니다. 이전의 모든 계획은 그만한 가치가 있었습니다.

4. Lean project management

The stages of project management

Imagine that you’re starting a project from the very beginning. Project management doesn’t come into play only when you start checking off tasks — you need to lay the groundwork first.

With that in mind, the Project Management Institute (PMI) established five distinct project management phases.

1. Project Initiation

Think the first step of the project management process is planning? Not quite. Before you can map out a strategy for your project, you need to get stakeholder buy-in. Create a project charter to outline the business objective of your project for approval. You can also use a project poster, as it’s a more digestible format that’s faster and easier to read. In this stage, you should answer questions like:

• What’s the business case for this project?
• 이 프로젝트는 실현 가능한가?
• 이 프로젝트를 계속 추진해야 하는가?

To put it simply, at this stage, you’re trying to decide if this project is worth tackling before you invest too much elbow grease.

A great way to help facilitate this discussion is a premortem, a thought exercise in which you imagine what could go wrong and decide how to prevent it.

2. Project Planning

If you decide to move forward, you’ll head into the project planning stage. This is where you’ll develop a detailed project plan that your entire team will follow––and thank you for! Planning is essential for avoiding scope creep. Questions to answer in this stage include:

• 프로젝트 목표가 무엇인가?
• 핵심 성과 지표(KPI)는 무엇인가?
• 범위는 어떻게 되는가?
• 예산은 얼마나 되는가?
• 어떤 위험이 있는가?
• 관련된 팀원은 누구인가?
• 관련된 작업은 무엇인가?
• 달성해야 할 마일스톤은 무엇인가?

This step ensures you and your team have shared expectations before you get started. If you think you’re getting too caught up in the minutiae, you aren’t. Strategic planning frameworks can help, too!

3. Project Execution

Grab your coffee and get your power cable because it’s go-time. Stage 3 is where you and your team will roll up your sleeves and start conquering project tasks with your project plan as your guide. In the project execution stage, you’ll need to:

• 필수 리소스 할당
• 담당자가 각자 작업을 수행하도록 확인
• 상태 미팅 주최
• 추적 시스템 설정

이 단계에서 대부분의 업무가 이루어지며 프로젝트가 제대로 진행되는지 확인할 수도 있습니다. 이제 잘 아실 것으로 믿습니다. 이전의 모든 계획은 그만한 가치가 있었습니다.

4. Project monitoring and reporting

프로젝트 계획을 세웠다고 해도 일이 저절로 순조롭게 진행되지는 않습니다. 개인 예산을 세우는 것과 같습니다. 스스로 돈을 어떻게 관리하는지 주의 깊게 들여다보지 않으면 예산만 있는 것은 아무 소용이 없습니다.

That’s why you must monitor project progress to ensure things stay on track. You should evaluate your project against the KPIs you established in the planning stage.

What should you do if your project feels like it’s strayed from the path or fallen prey to scope creep? Take a moment to reevaluate. You can decide if you need to realign things or if your original plan needs to shift. That’s the great thing about monitoring — you have regular checkpoints to correct the course.

5. Project Closure

마무리 단계는 미진한 부분을 잘 마무리하는 것입니다. 여기에는 다음이 포함됩니다.

• 프로젝트 평가를 위한 사후 검토 또는 회고 진행
• 최종 프로젝트 보고서 준비
• Collecting and storing necessary project documentation somewhere safe. A collaborative documentation space like Confluence is great for this.

This not only gives your team the chance to officially end the project, but it also makes it easier to refer back to it when necessary.

Key skills every project manager needs

Project managers make sure everyone is on the same page, and initiatives are completed on time. They keep tasks on track, allocate and manage resources, and act as a central point of communication for stakeholders. Here are a few skills every project manager needs to be successful in their role:

• Leadership: Effective leadership inspires team members, sets clear direction, and motivates everyone to achieve project goals. You can build leadership skills through Atlassian’s Team Playbook, which offers exercises for building trust and alignment within teams.
• Communication: Strong communication ensures all stakeholders are informed, aligned, and engaged throughout the project lifecycle. Essentially, with a good project manager, no one feels out of the loop. Project managers can communicate clearly using Confluence for documentation and Jira for task updates.
• Time management: Efficient time management keeps projects on schedule and helps balance multiple priorities. Use Jira’s time tracking features and Gantt chart template to manage tasks and deadlines.
• Problem-solving: Quick and effective problem-solving helps overcome obstacles and keep projects moving forward. Use Atlassian’s 5 Whys template in Confluence to analyze and solve complex problems.
• Technical proficiency: Understanding relevant technologies helps make better decisions and communicate with technical team members. Stay updated with Atlassian’s product tutorials and webinars to enhance your technical skills in project management software.
• Adaptability: Flexibility helps project managers and teams understand and execute changing project requirements and manage unexpected challenges. Practice agile methodologies using Jira’s Scrum and Kanban boards to improve adaptability in project management.
• Budgeting and cost control: Managing project finances ensures that the project stays within budget constraints. Use Jira’s reporting features to track project costs and avoid going over budget.

Tools used in project management

올바른 프로젝트 관리 소프트웨어를 선택하기란 까다로울 수 있습니다. 팀이 프로젝트 관리 도구를 최대한 활용하려면 다음과 같은 기능을 제공하는 솔루션을 찾는 것이 좋습니다.

• 공유 캘린더를 만들어 프로젝트 마일스톤 및 기한을 추적
• 쉽게 액세스하고 공동 작업할 수 있도록 파일 및 문서 공유
• 작업 목록을 만들고 팀원에게 작업을 할당
• 프로젝트 진행률을 추적하고 보고서 생성
• 팀원 및 이해 관계자 간 커뮤니케이션을 지원하고 간소화
• 프로젝트 기간 및 예산 추정
• 팀원이 작업에 댓글을 추가하고 피드백을 제공하도록 허용
• 자동 리마인더 및 알림 생성
• 프로젝트 템플릿을 설정하여 프로젝트 만들기 간소화
• 리소스 및 워크로드 관리
• 이슈 및 위험 추적
• 변경 요청 관리
• 자세한 보고서 만들기
• 프로젝트 성과 모니터링

프로젝트 팀의 주요 구성원

Every project must begin by identifying roles and responsibilities. Knowing your role upfront sets everyone up for success in staying on track to meet project deadlines. Potential project roles include:

• Project manager: A person who oversees the entire project and is responsible for the project’s success.
• 프로젝트 후원자: 프로젝트를 지지하고 프로젝트 매니저와 긴밀하게 협력하는 선임 관리자입니다.
• 팀원: 프로젝트 작업을 적극적으로 수행하는 구성원입니다.
• 공급자: 프로젝트에 상품 또는 서비스를 제공합니다.
• 이해관계자: 프로젝트에 관심이 있는 관계자입니다. 이해관계자는 다음과 같이 구분할 수 있습니다.
  • 주 이해관계자: 실제로 업무를 수행하고 프로젝트에 적극적으로 참여하는 관계자입니다.
  • 보조 이해관계자: 회의에 참여하고 작은 역할을 맡을 수도 있지만 프로젝트에서 주요 의사 결정권자는 아닌 관계자입니다.
• 관심 있는 이해관계자: 프로젝트에 개입하지만 적극적으로 참여하지 않거나 영향력이 크지 않은 관계자입니다.
• Client: The person or team who receives the final project if it’s a client-facing project rather than an internal one.

1. 공동 작업 개선

Good project management is about balancing structure with adaptability. These practices will help you stay organized while remaining nimble enough to tackle whatever comes your way:

• Kick things off right: Start with a project kickoff meeting. Set goals, timelines, and roles to get everyone on the same page. It's your chance to clear up confusion and build excitement.
• Map out your dependencies: Tasks and resources are often interconnected. Use tools like Gantt charts to visualize these links and avoid bottlenecks.
• Find your critical path: Identify the longest chain of must-do tasks. This will help you determine where you have wiggle room and where you need to stick to the schedule.
• Be realistic with timelines: We all tend to underestimate how long things take. Look at past projects for guidance, and don't be afraid to pad your schedule a bit.
• Leverage project management software: Tools like Jira keep everything in one place. No more digging through endless email threads to find what you need.
• Clarify roles and responsibilities: Make sure everyone knows what they're supposed to do. It prevents toe-stepping and helps people play to their strengths.
• Make it a team effort: Don't plan in isolation. Your team has valuable insights, so involve them in the process. It'll lead to better plans and boost buy-in.
• Communicate, communicate, communicate: Regular status updates keep everyone in the loop. Be transparent about progress and setbacks.
• Stay flexible: Requirements can change. Be prepared to adjust your plans while keeping your end goal in sight.

Use Jira to your advantage. Jira boards can help implement many of these practices. They offer real-time updates, promote collaboration, and keep everyone aligned so teams can efficiently plan, track, and manage work.

개시

Start your project off right with these templates

• Competitive analysis: Scope out the competition.
• SWOT analysis: Identify your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Brainstorming: Get those creative juices flowing with a structured brainstorming session.

계획수립

Set the stage for success with these project planning templates:

• Project plan: Create your roadmap for the entire project.
• Project kickoff: Start things off on the right foot with a well-organized kickoff.

실행

Keep your project moving with these execution-phase templates:

• Kanban board: Visualize your workflow and manage tasks.
• Task tracking: Keep tabs on who’s doing what and when.
• Scrum board: Agile teams use this template to manage sprints.
• Work breakdown structure: Break down complex projects into more manageable tasks.
• Gantt chart: Map out your project timeline visually.
• Project roadmap: Plot your long-term project strategy.
• Meeting notes: Keep your team meetings productive and well-documented.

모니터링

Use the project status template to keep stakeholders in the loop with regular updates and stay on top of your project's success

종료

Wrap up your project effectively with these templates:

• Retrospective: Reflect on what went well and what could be improved.
• 5 Whys Analysis: Discover the root causes of issues you encountered.

Jira offers these templates and more, helping teams improve productivity and streamline project management processes. Want to explore more? Check out Atlassian’s full range of free project management templates.