O que é gerenciamento de projeto?

Understanding project management

Project management guides a project from start to finish. With a structured approach, teams can achieve specific goals within a defined time, budget, and resource constraints. Whether you're launching a new product, organizing an event, or implementing a company-wide initiative, effective project management drives success.

The core phases of project management include:

• Planning: In the first stage, you'll define project scope, objectives, and steps to achieve them. This stage involves creating a detailed roadmap, planning resources, and identifying potential risks.
• Executing: This is where you put the plan into action by coordinating people and resources, managing stakeholder expectations, and overseeing the completion of tasks.
• Monitoring: Monitoring involves tracking progress, measuring performance against key indicators, and adjusting as needed to keep the project on track.
• Closing: This is the formal ending of the project. In this stage, you'll evaluate the project's success, document lessons learned, and release resources.

So why do businesses need project management? Let's take a look at a few reasons:

• Achieve the project goals within the defined scope
• Complete the project within the allocated time frame
• Stay within the approved budget
• Deliver high-quality results
• Manage risks and address issues that come up
• Improve communication among teams and stakeholders

Types of project management

Have you heard the adage “more than one way to cook an egg”? There’s no one strategy for completing a kick-ass project. That’s where a project management methodology comes into play. It’s a set of rules, principles, and processes for managing a project.

Methodologies might sound formal, but you have some room to innovate here! It’s important to note that many teams and companies use a combination rather than relying exclusively on one. Regardless of your approach, it should help promote a strong culture of transparency.

1. Gestão ágil de projetos

Acha que o primeiro passo do processo de gestão de projeto é o planejamento? Não é bem assim. Antes de mapear a estratégia para o projeto, é preciso ter o envolvimento das partes interessadas. É aqui que entra uma carta de projeto para delinear o objetivo comercial do projeto para aprovação. Em vez disso, recomendamos usar um pôster de projeto, como um formato mais fácil de entender, mais rápido e fácil de ler. Nesta etapa, você deve responder a perguntas como:

• Qual é o caso de negócios para esse projeto? O template de plano estratégico pode ajudar!
• Este projeto é viável?
• A gente deve seguir com esse projeto?

Simplificando, nesta etapa está sendo decidido se este projeto vale a pena antes de investir muito esforço.

Uma ótima maneira de ajudar a facilitar essa discussão é um pré-mortem, um exercício mental no qual você imagina o que poderia dar errado e decide como evitar a situação.

2. Waterfall project management

Quando você pensa na gestão tradicional e sequencial de projetos, o que se imagina é gestão de projetos em cascata. Com esse método, o projeto é dividido em diferentes fases. Quando cada fase termina, a próxima começa — não há sobreposição entre elas.

3. Scrum

Pegue o café e o cabo de energia, porque é hora de avançar. É aqui que você e a equipe botam a mão na massa e começam a realizar tarefas do projeto, guiados pelo plano do projeto. Na fase de execução, vai ser necessário:

• Atribuir os recursos necessários
• Verificar se todos os responsáveis estão realizando as tarefas
• Conduzir reuniões de status
• Configurar sistemas de rastreamento

A grosso do trabalho acontece nesta etapa e é também nela que você vai começar a ver o projeto tomando forma. Vê? Todo aquele planejamento valeu a pena.

4. Lean project management

The stages of project management

Imagine that you’re starting a project from the very beginning. Project management doesn’t come into play only when you start checking off tasks — you need to lay the groundwork first.

With that in mind, the Project Management Institute (PMI) established five distinct project management phases.

1. Project Initiation

Think the first step of the project management process is planning? Not quite. Before you can map out a strategy for your project, you need to get stakeholder buy-in. Create a project charter to outline the business objective of your project for approval. You can also use a project poster, as it’s a more digestible format that’s faster and easier to read. In this stage, you should answer questions like:

• What’s the business case for this project?
• Este projeto é viável?
• A gente deve seguir com esse projeto?

To put it simply, at this stage, you’re trying to decide if this project is worth tackling before you invest too much elbow grease.

A great way to help facilitate this discussion is a premortem, a thought exercise in which you imagine what could go wrong and decide how to prevent it.

2. Project Planning

If you decide to move forward, you’ll head into the project planning stage. This is where you’ll develop a detailed project plan that your entire team will follow––and thank you for! Planning is essential for avoiding scope creep. Questions to answer in this stage include:

• Qual é a meta desse projeto?
• O que são os indicadores-chave de desempenho (KPIs)?
• O que é o escopo?
• Qual é o orçamento?
• Quais são os riscos?
• Quais membros da equipe estão envolvidos?
• Quais tarefas estão envolvidas?
• Quais marcos precisam ser alcançados?

This step ensures you and your team have shared expectations before you get started. If you think you’re getting too caught up in the minutiae, you aren’t. Strategic planning frameworks can help, too!

3. Project Execution

Grab your coffee and get your power cable because it’s go-time. Stage 3 is where you and your team will roll up your sleeves and start conquering project tasks with your project plan as your guide. In the project execution stage, you’ll need to:

• Atribuir os recursos necessários
• Verificar se todos os responsáveis estão realizando as tarefas
• Conduzir reuniões de status
• Configurar sistemas de rastreamento

A grosso do trabalho acontece nesta etapa e é também nela que você vai começar a ver o projeto tomando forma. Vê? Todo aquele planejamento valeu a pena.

4. Project monitoring and reporting

Só porque o plano de projeto foi criado não significa que tudo vai funcionar sem problemas por conta própria. É como definir um orçamento para si mesmo — ter o orçamento não quer dizer nada, se você não ficar de olho em está gerenciando o dinheiro.

That’s why you must monitor project progress to ensure things stay on track. You should evaluate your project against the KPIs you established in the planning stage.

What should you do if your project feels like it’s strayed from the path or fallen prey to scope creep? Take a moment to reevaluate. You can decide if you need to realign things or if your original plan needs to shift. That’s the great thing about monitoring — you have regular checkpoints to correct the course.

5. Project Closure

A etapa de encerramento trata de resolver as pendências. Ou seja, ele:

• Conduzir o post-mortem ou retrospectiva para avaliar o projeto
• Preparando o relatório do projeto final
• Collecting and storing necessary project documentation somewhere safe. A collaborative documentation space like Confluence is great for this.

This not only gives your team the chance to officially end the project, but it also makes it easier to refer back to it when necessary.

Key skills every project manager needs

Project managers make sure everyone is on the same page, and initiatives are completed on time. They keep tasks on track, allocate and manage resources, and act as a central point of communication for stakeholders. Here are a few skills every project manager needs to be successful in their role:

• Leadership: Effective leadership inspires team members, sets clear direction, and motivates everyone to achieve project goals. You can build leadership skills through Atlassian’s Team Playbook, which offers exercises for building trust and alignment within teams.
• Communication: Strong communication ensures all stakeholders are informed, aligned, and engaged throughout the project lifecycle. Essentially, with a good project manager, no one feels out of the loop. Project managers can communicate clearly using Confluence for documentation and Jira for task updates.
• Time management: Efficient time management keeps projects on schedule and helps balance multiple priorities. Use Jira’s time tracking features and Gantt chart template to manage tasks and deadlines.
• Problem-solving: Quick and effective problem-solving helps overcome obstacles and keep projects moving forward. Use Atlassian’s 5 Whys template in Confluence to analyze and solve complex problems.
• Technical proficiency: Understanding relevant technologies helps make better decisions and communicate with technical team members. Stay updated with Atlassian’s product tutorials and webinars to enhance your technical skills in project management software.
• Adaptability: Flexibility helps project managers and teams understand and execute changing project requirements and manage unexpected challenges. Practice agile methodologies using Jira’s Scrum and Kanban boards to improve adaptability in project management.
• Budgeting and cost control: Managing project finances ensures that the project stays within budget constraints. Use Jira’s reporting features to track project costs and avoid going over budget.

Tools used in project management

Escolher o software certo de gestão de projetos pode ser complicado. Para garantir que a equipe aproveite ao máximo a ferramenta de gestão de projetos, a gente recomenda que você procure uma solução que ofereça os seguintes recursos:

• Criar uma agenda compartilhada para monitorar os marcos e prazos do projeto
• Compartilhar arquivos e documentos para facilitar o acesso e a colaboração
• Criar listas de tarefas e atribua tarefas aos membros da equipe
• Acompanhar o progresso do projeto e gere relatórios
• Facilitar e simplificar a comunicação entre os membros da equipe e as partes interessadas
• Estimar a duração e o orçamento do projeto
• Permitir que os membros da equipe comentem as tarefas e forneçam feedback
• Gerar lembretes e notificações automatizados
• Configurar templates de projeto para agilizar a criação de projetos
• Gerenciar recursos e cargas de trabalho
• Rastrear itens e riscos
• Gerenciar solicitações de alteração
• Criar relatórios detalhados
• Monitorar o desempenho do projeto

Principais membros de uma equipe de projeto

Every project must begin by identifying roles and responsibilities. Knowing your role upfront sets everyone up for success in staying on track to meet project deadlines. Potential project roles include:

• Project manager: A person who oversees the entire project and is responsible for the project’s success.
• Patrocinador do projeto: gerente sênior que defende o projeto e trabalha em estreita colaboração com o gerente de projeto.
• Membro da equipe: pessoas que trabalham com atividade nas tarefas do projeto.
• Fornecedor: pessoas que oferecem bens ou serviços para o projeto.
• Partes interessadas: pessoas que têm interesse no projeto. Podem ser divididas em:
  • Principais partes interessadas: pessoas que de fato fazem o trabalho e têm envolvimento ativo no projeto.
  • Partes interessadas secundárias: pessoas que podem participar de reuniões e desempenhar papéis menores, mas não são decisores importantes no projeto.
• Partes interessadas afetadas: pessoas que estão envolvidas do projeto, mas não desempenham papel ativo ou não têm muita influência.
• Client: The person or team who receives the final project if it’s a client-facing project rather than an internal one.

1. Melhorar a colaboração

Good project management is about balancing structure with adaptability. These practices will help you stay organized while remaining nimble enough to tackle whatever comes your way:

• Kick things off right: Start with a project kickoff meeting. Set goals, timelines, and roles to get everyone on the same page. It's your chance to clear up confusion and build excitement.
• Map out your dependencies: Tasks and resources are often interconnected. Use tools like Gantt charts to visualize these links and avoid bottlenecks.
• Find your critical path: Identify the longest chain of must-do tasks. This will help you determine where you have wiggle room and where you need to stick to the schedule.
• Be realistic with timelines: We all tend to underestimate how long things take. Look at past projects for guidance, and don't be afraid to pad your schedule a bit.
• Leverage project management software: Tools like Jira keep everything in one place. No more digging through endless email threads to find what you need.
• Clarify roles and responsibilities: Make sure everyone knows what they're supposed to do. It prevents toe-stepping and helps people play to their strengths.
• Make it a team effort: Don't plan in isolation. Your team has valuable insights, so involve them in the process. It'll lead to better plans and boost buy-in.
• Communicate, communicate, communicate: Regular status updates keep everyone in the loop. Be transparent about progress and setbacks.
• Stay flexible: Requirements can change. Be prepared to adjust your plans while keeping your end goal in sight.

Use Jira to your advantage. Jira boards can help implement many of these practices. They offer real-time updates, promote collaboration, and keep everyone aligned so teams can efficiently plan, track, and manage work.

Início

Start your project off right with these templates

• Competitive analysis: Scope out the competition.
• SWOT analysis: Identify your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Brainstorming: Get those creative juices flowing with a structured brainstorming session.

Planejamento

Set the stage for success with these project planning templates:

• Project plan: Create your roadmap for the entire project.
• Project kickoff: Start things off on the right foot with a well-organized kickoff.

Execução

Keep your project moving with these execution-phase templates:

• Kanban board: Visualize your workflow and manage tasks.
• Task tracking: Keep tabs on who’s doing what and when.
• Scrum board: Agile teams use this template to manage sprints.
• Work breakdown structure: Break down complex projects into more manageable tasks.
• Gantt chart: Map out your project timeline visually.
• Project roadmap: Plot your long-term project strategy.
• Meeting notes: Keep your team meetings productive and well-documented.

Monitoramento

Use the project status template to keep stakeholders in the loop with regular updates and stay on top of your project's success

Encerramento

Wrap up your project effectively with these templates:

• Retrospective: Reflect on what went well and what could be improved.
• 5 Whys Analysis: Discover the root causes of issues you encountered.

Jira offers these templates and more, helping teams improve productivity and streamline project management processes. Want to explore more? Check out Atlassian’s full range of free project management templates.