Cos'è la gestione dei progetti?

Understanding project management

Project management guides a project from start to finish. With a structured approach, teams can achieve specific goals within a defined time, budget, and resource constraints. Whether you're launching a new product, organizing an event, or implementing a company-wide initiative, effective project management drives success.

The core phases of project management include:

• Planning: In the first stage, you'll define project scope, objectives, and steps to achieve them. This stage involves creating a detailed roadmap, planning resources, and identifying potential risks.
• Executing: This is where you put the plan into action by coordinating people and resources, managing stakeholder expectations, and overseeing the completion of tasks.
• Monitoring: Monitoring involves tracking progress, measuring performance against key indicators, and adjusting as needed to keep the project on track.
• Closing: This is the formal ending of the project. In this stage, you'll evaluate the project's success, document lessons learned, and release resources.

So why do businesses need project management? Let's take a look at a few reasons:

• Achieve the project goals within the defined scope
• Complete the project within the allocated time frame
• Stay within the approved budget
• Deliver high-quality results
• Manage risks and address issues that come up
• Improve communication among teams and stakeholders

Types of project management

Have you heard the adage “more than one way to cook an egg”? There’s no one strategy for completing a kick-ass project. That’s where a project management methodology comes into play. It’s a set of rules, principles, and processes for managing a project.

Methodologies might sound formal, but you have some room to innovate here! It’s important to note that many teams and companies use a combination rather than relying exclusively on one. Regardless of your approach, it should help promote a strong culture of transparency.

1. Gestione dei progetti Agile

Pensi che la prima fase del processo di gestione dei progetti sia la pianificazione? Non proprio. Prima di poter delineare una strategia per il tuo progetto, devi ottenere il consenso degli stakeholder. È qui che entra in gioco una carta del progetto in cui viene delineato l'obiettivo aziendale del progetto con lo scopo di ottenere l'approvazione. Consigliamo invece di utilizzare un poster di progetto per il suo formato più semplice da gestire e più veloce e facile da leggere. In questa fase, dovresti rispondere a domande come:

• Qual è il business case di questo progetto? Il nostro modello di piano strategico può aiutarti!
• Questo progetto è fattibile?
• Dovremmo portarlo avanti?

In parole povere, in questa fase devi cercare di decidere se valga la pena imbarcarsi in questo progetto prima di investirci troppo lavoro.

Un ottimo modo per facilitare questa discussione è condurre un'analisi pre-mortem, un esercizio mentale in cui si immagina cosa potrebbe andare storto e si decide come prevenire i problemi.

2. Waterfall project management

Quando pensi alla gestione tradizionale e sequenziale dei progetti, ti immagini la gestione a cascata. Con questo metodo, suddividi il tuo progetto in diverse fasi. Quando una fase finisce, inizia quella successiva: non ci sono sovrapposizioni.

3. Scrum

Prendi il caffè e il cavo di alimentazione, perché è ora di iniziare. È qui che tu e il tuo team vi rimboccherete le maniche e inizierete a completare i task del progetto seguendo il piano del progetto come guida. Nella fase di esecuzione dovrai:

• Assegnare le risorse necessarie
• Assicurarti che gli assegnatari svolgano i propri compiti
• Organizzare riunioni sullo stato
• Configurare sistemi di tracciamento

La maggior parte del lavoro avviene in questa fase, ed è anche da qui che inizierai a vedere il tuo progetto realizzarsi davvero. Vedi? È valso la pena pianificare tutto.

4. Lean project management

The stages of project management

Imagine that you’re starting a project from the very beginning. Project management doesn’t come into play only when you start checking off tasks — you need to lay the groundwork first.

With that in mind, the Project Management Institute (PMI) established five distinct project management phases.

1. Project Initiation

Think the first step of the project management process is planning? Not quite. Before you can map out a strategy for your project, you need to get stakeholder buy-in. Create a project charter to outline the business objective of your project for approval. You can also use a project poster, as it’s a more digestible format that’s faster and easier to read. In this stage, you should answer questions like:

• What’s the business case for this project?
• Questo progetto è fattibile?
• Dovremmo portarlo avanti?

To put it simply, at this stage, you’re trying to decide if this project is worth tackling before you invest too much elbow grease.

A great way to help facilitate this discussion is a premortem, a thought exercise in which you imagine what could go wrong and decide how to prevent it.

2. Project Planning

If you decide to move forward, you’ll head into the project planning stage. This is where you’ll develop a detailed project plan that your entire team will follow––and thank you for! Planning is essential for avoiding scope creep. Questions to answer in this stage include:

• Qual è l'obiettivo del progetto?
• Quali sono gli indicatori di prestazioni chiave (KPI)?
• Qual è l'ambito di applicazione?
• Qual è il budget?
• Quali sono i rischi?
• Quali membri del team sono coinvolti?
• Quali sono i task da svolgere?
• Quali milestone devono essere raggiunte?

This step ensures you and your team have shared expectations before you get started. If you think you’re getting too caught up in the minutiae, you aren’t. Strategic planning frameworks can help, too!

3. Project Execution

Grab your coffee and get your power cable because it’s go-time. Stage 3 is where you and your team will roll up your sleeves and start conquering project tasks with your project plan as your guide. In the project execution stage, you’ll need to:

• Assegnare le risorse necessarie
• Assicurarti che gli assegnatari svolgano i propri compiti
• Organizzare riunioni sullo stato
• Configurare sistemi di tracciamento

La maggior parte del lavoro avviene in questa fase, ed è anche da qui che inizierai a vedere il tuo progetto realizzarsi davvero. Vedi? È valso la pena pianificare tutto.

4. Project monitoring and reporting

Solo perché hai un piano di progetto non significa che le cose funzioneranno da sole senza intoppi. È come stabilire un budget per te stesso: averlo non serve a niente se non tieni d'occhio il modo in cui gestisci il tuo denaro.

That’s why you must monitor project progress to ensure things stay on track. You should evaluate your project against the KPIs you established in the planning stage.

What should you do if your project feels like it’s strayed from the path or fallen prey to scope creep? Take a moment to reevaluate. You can decide if you need to realign things or if your original plan needs to shift. That’s the great thing about monitoring — you have regular checkpoints to correct the course.

5. Project Closure

La fase conclusiva riguarda la chiusura delle questioni in sospeso. Ciò include:

• Organizzare un'analisi successiva o una retrospettiva per valutare il progetto
• Preparare un report finale sul progetto
• Collecting and storing necessary project documentation somewhere safe. A collaborative documentation space like Confluence is great for this.

This not only gives your team the chance to officially end the project, but it also makes it easier to refer back to it when necessary.

Key skills every project manager needs

Project managers make sure everyone is on the same page, and initiatives are completed on time. They keep tasks on track, allocate and manage resources, and act as a central point of communication for stakeholders. Here are a few skills every project manager needs to be successful in their role:

• Leadership: Effective leadership inspires team members, sets clear direction, and motivates everyone to achieve project goals. You can build leadership skills through Atlassian’s Team Playbook, which offers exercises for building trust and alignment within teams.
• Communication: Strong communication ensures all stakeholders are informed, aligned, and engaged throughout the project lifecycle. Essentially, with a good project manager, no one feels out of the loop. Project managers can communicate clearly using Confluence for documentation and Jira for task updates.
• Time management: Efficient time management keeps projects on schedule and helps balance multiple priorities. Use Jira’s time tracking features and Gantt chart template to manage tasks and deadlines.
• Problem-solving: Quick and effective problem-solving helps overcome obstacles and keep projects moving forward. Use Atlassian’s 5 Whys template in Confluence to analyze and solve complex problems.
• Technical proficiency: Understanding relevant technologies helps make better decisions and communicate with technical team members. Stay updated with Atlassian’s product tutorials and webinars to enhance your technical skills in project management software.
• Adaptability: Flexibility helps project managers and teams understand and execute changing project requirements and manage unexpected challenges. Practice agile methodologies using Jira’s Scrum and Kanban boards to improve adaptability in project management.
• Budgeting and cost control: Managing project finances ensures that the project stays within budget constraints. Use Jira’s reporting features to track project costs and avoid going over budget.

Tools used in project management

Scegliere il software di gestione dei progetti giusto può essere complicato. Per assicurarti che il tuo team ottenga il massimo dal suo strumento di gestione dei progetti, ti consigliamo di cercare una soluzione che ti consenta di:

• Creare un calendario condiviso per tenere traccia delle milestone e delle scadenze del progetto
• Condividere file e documenti per accesso e collaborazione facilitati
• Creare elenchi di task e assegnare i task ai membri del team
• Tenere traccia dell'avanzamento del progetto e generare report
• Facilitare e semplificare la comunicazione tra i membri del team e gli stakeholder
• Stimare la durata e il budget del progetto
• Consentire ai membri del team di commentare i task e fornire feedback
• Generare promemoria e notifiche automatici
• Configurare modelli di progetto per semplificare la creazione dei progetti
• Gestire risorse e carichi di lavoro
• Tenere traccia di ticket e rischi
• Gestire le richieste di modifica
• Creare report dettagliati
• Monitorare le prestazioni del progetto

Membri chiave di un team di progetto

Every project must begin by identifying roles and responsibilities. Knowing your role upfront sets everyone up for success in staying on track to meet project deadlines. Potential project roles include:

• Project manager: A person who oversees the entire project and is responsible for the project’s success.
• Sponsor del progetto: senior manager che sostiene il progetto e lavora a stretto contatto con il project manager.
• Membro del team: persona che lavora attivamente alle attività del progetto.
• Fornitore: persona che fornisce beni o servizi per un progetto.
• Stakeholder: persona interessata al progetto. Questi possono essere suddivisi in:
  • Stakeholder principali: persone che svolgono effettivamente il lavoro e sono coinvolte attivamente nel progetto.
  • Stakeholder secondari: persone che potrebbero partecipare alle riunioni e svolgere un piccolo ruolo ma non sono i responsabili decisionali chiave del progetto.
• Stakeholder interessati: persone che sono aggiornate sul progetto ma non svolgono un ruolo attivo o non hanno molta influenza.
• Client: The person or team who receives the final project if it’s a client-facing project rather than an internal one.

1. Migliora la collaborazione

Good project management is about balancing structure with adaptability. These practices will help you stay organized while remaining nimble enough to tackle whatever comes your way:

• Kick things off right: Start with a project kickoff meeting. Set goals, timelines, and roles to get everyone on the same page. It's your chance to clear up confusion and build excitement.
• Map out your dependencies: Tasks and resources are often interconnected. Use tools like Gantt charts to visualize these links and avoid bottlenecks.
• Find your critical path: Identify the longest chain of must-do tasks. This will help you determine where you have wiggle room and where you need to stick to the schedule.
• Be realistic with timelines: We all tend to underestimate how long things take. Look at past projects for guidance, and don't be afraid to pad your schedule a bit.
• Leverage project management software: Tools like Jira keep everything in one place. No more digging through endless email threads to find what you need.
• Clarify roles and responsibilities: Make sure everyone knows what they're supposed to do. It prevents toe-stepping and helps people play to their strengths.
• Make it a team effort: Don't plan in isolation. Your team has valuable insights, so involve them in the process. It'll lead to better plans and boost buy-in.
• Communicate, communicate, communicate: Regular status updates keep everyone in the loop. Be transparent about progress and setbacks.
• Stay flexible: Requirements can change. Be prepared to adjust your plans while keeping your end goal in sight.

Use Jira to your advantage. Jira boards can help implement many of these practices. They offer real-time updates, promote collaboration, and keep everyone aligned so teams can efficiently plan, track, and manage work.

Avvio

Start your project off right with these templates

• Competitive analysis: Scope out the competition.
• SWOT analysis: Identify your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Brainstorming: Get those creative juices flowing with a structured brainstorming session.

Pianificazione

Set the stage for success with these project planning templates:

• Project plan: Create your roadmap for the entire project.
• Project kickoff: Start things off on the right foot with a well-organized kickoff.

Esecuzione

Keep your project moving with these execution-phase templates:

• Kanban board: Visualize your workflow and manage tasks.
• Task tracking: Keep tabs on who’s doing what and when.
• Scrum board: Agile teams use this template to manage sprints.
• Work breakdown structure: Break down complex projects into more manageable tasks.
• Gantt chart: Map out your project timeline visually.
• Project roadmap: Plot your long-term project strategy.
• Meeting notes: Keep your team meetings productive and well-documented.

Monitoraggio

Use the project status template to keep stakeholders in the loop with regular updates and stay on top of your project's success

Chiusura

Wrap up your project effectively with these templates:

• Retrospective: Reflect on what went well and what could be improved.
• 5 Whys Analysis: Discover the root causes of issues you encountered.

Jira offers these templates and more, helping teams improve productivity and streamline project management processes. Want to explore more? Check out Atlassian’s full range of free project management templates.