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Was ist Projektmanagement?

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Project management uses skills, tools, and techniques to plan, execute, monitor, and complete projects within their timeframes. Project management ensures that a team's work aligns with SMART goals and meets the criteria for success within given constraints.

In this article, we’ll discuss the various project management methodologies, the stages of project management, and the essential skills every project manager needs to excel in their role. Keep reading to explore the fundamentals of project management and why it's critical for all businesses.

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Understanding project management

Project management guides a project from start to finish. With a structured approach, teams can achieve specific goals within a defined time, budget, and resource constraints. Whether you're launching a new product, organizing an event, or implementing a company-wide initiative, effective project management drives success.

The core phases of project management include:

  • Planning: In the first stage, you'll define project scope, objectives, and steps to achieve them. This stage involves creating a detailed roadmap, planning resources, and identifying potential risks.
  • Executing: This is where you put the plan into action by coordinating people and resources, managing stakeholder expectations, and overseeing the completion of tasks.
  • Monitoring: Monitoring involves tracking progress, measuring performance against key indicators, and adjusting as needed to keep the project on track.
  • Closing: This is the formal ending of the project. In this stage, you'll evaluate the project's success, document lessons learned, and release resources.

So why do businesses need project management? Let's take a look at a few reasons:

  • Achieve the project goals within the defined scope
  • Complete the project within the allocated time frame
  • Stay within the approved budget
  • Deliver high-quality results
  • Manage risks and address issues that come up
  • Improve communication among teams and stakeholders

Why is project management important?

Project management helps to transform ideas into tangible results, driving business growth and innovation. Here's why project management is essential:

  • Improved efficiency: Project management provides a structured approach to work, reducing wasted time and resources. Defining tasks, timelines, and responsibilities helps teams focus on what matters most.
  • Better organization: With project management, teams have a roadmap to follow. This organization helps prevent important tasks from falling through the cracks and ensures everyone knows their roles and responsibilities.
  • Improved communication: Project management promotes open and regular communication among team members and stakeholders. This transparency prevents misunderstandings, aligns expectations, and enhances collaboration.
  • Reduces the impact of risks: Project management can help teams identify potential risks early in the project life cycle, allowing them to develop strategies to avoid or minimize their impact and prevent potentially costly setbacks.
  • Measurable outcomes: With clear goals and metrics in place, businesses can easily track progress and measure the success of their projects.
  • Increased client satisfaction: Project management helps teams deliver projects on time, within budget, and to specification, improving client satisfaction.


Project management software helps teams and clients realize these benefits. It gives teams powerful tools to plan, execute, and monitor projects effectively. From creating Gantt charts and assigning tasks to tracking progress and generating reports, project management software streamlines processes and enhances collaboration, contributing to project success.

Who uses project management?

Project management is widely used across various roles and industries, making it an essential practice for all companies. Various individuals use project management in their daily workflows, including:

  • Project managers: As the primary drivers of project success, project managers use these skills and tools daily to plan, execute, and monitor projects.
  • Team leads: These individuals often take on project management responsibilities for their specific teams, ensuring that work aligns with their overall project goals.
  • Software developers and product managers: In software development, developers use Agile project management techniques to organize sprints, manage backlogs, and track progress on features and bug fixes.
  • Marketing teams: Marketing professionals use project management to coordinate campaigns, product launches, and content creation.
  • Executives: C-suite leaders use project management principles to oversee strategic initiatives and align projects with business goals.

Different teams can use project management software like Jira to collaborate more effectively. For example, development and QA teams can use Jira's Kanban boards to visualize workflows and manage software testing processes. Meanwhile, marketing and design teams can collaborate on creative projects using Jira's timeline views and custom workflows.

At the same time, operations teams can track and manage internal process improvement projects, and customer support can handle customer issues and collaborate with other departments to resolve them.

Using a common project management tool like Jira allows teams to maintain visibility into each other's work, align priorities, and ensure that all efforts contribute to overarching business objectives. This cross-functional collaboration can drive efficiency and help teams and departments achieve successful project outcomes in any industry.

Types of project management

Have you heard the adage “more than one way to cook an egg”? There’s no one strategy for completing a kick-ass project. That’s where a project management methodology comes into play. It’s a set of rules, principles, and processes for managing a project.

Methodologies might sound formal, but you have some room to innovate here! It’s important to note that many teams and companies use a combination rather than relying exclusively on one. Regardless of your approach, it should help promote a strong culture of transparency.

1. Agile Projektmanagement

Glaubst du, dass die Planung der erste Schritt im Projektmanagementprozess ist? Nicht ganz. Bevor du eine Strategie für dein Projekt erstellen kannst, musst du die beteiligten Stakeholder überzeugen. Hier kommt ein Projektauftrag ins Spiel, um das Geschäftsziel deines Projekts zur Genehmigung aufzuzeigen. Wir empfehlen, stattdessen ein Projektposter zu verwenden. Das ist übersichtlicher und leichter zu lesen. In dieser Phase solltest du dir folgende Fragen stellen:

Einfach ausgedrückt: Du versuchst in dieser Phase zu entscheiden, ob sich das Projekt überhaupt lohnt, bevor du zu viel Arbeit hineinsteckst.

Ein hervorragender Diskussionsansatz ist eine Analyse von Horrorszenarien. Dabei wird überlegt, was schieflaufen könnte und wie es sich verhindern ließe.

Backlog

Agile project management is an iterative approach and is much more flexible than waterfall project management. It's a DevOps best practice that breaks projects into chunks tackled in short bursts (called sprints). After each sprint, your team reevaluates the work you’re doing to make any necessary changes and ensure you’re staying on target.

2. Waterfall project management

Wenn du an ein typisches, sequenzielles Projektmanagement denkst, stellst du dir die Wasserfall-Methode vor. Mithilfe dieser Methode teilst du dein Projekt in verschiedene Phasen auf. Wenn eine Phase endet, beginnt die nächste – Überschneidungen dazwischen gibt es keine.

3. Scrum

Schnappe dir deinen Kaffee und ein Ladekabel, denn jetzt geht es los. An dieser Stelle werden du und dein Team die Ärmel hochkrempeln und damit beginnen, Projektaufgaben anzugehen, wie es der Projektplan vorsieht. Folgende Aufgaben musst du in der Ausführungsphase erledigen:

  • Notwendige Ressourcen zuweisen
  • Sicherstellen, dass zugewiesene Personen ihre Aufgaben erledigen
  • Statusbesprechungen abhalten
  • Nachverfolgungssysteme einrichten

In dieser Phase wird der größte Teil der Arbeit erledigt. Jetzt solltest du auch erkennen können, ob dein Projekt auf einem guten Weg ist. Wie du siehst hat sich die ganze Planung gelohnt.

board

Scrum project management is one of the most popular Agile methodologies project managers use. Like Agile, scrum is centered around continuous improvement. You can use a framework like Scrum to help you start thinking in a more Agile way and practice building Agile principles into your everyday communication and work. Jira’s scrum boards facilitate iterative, incremental delivery by assisting teams in managing their work from one sprint to the next.

4. Lean project management

5. Kanban

board

Kanban is a specific implementation of Lean project management. Project tasks are represented visually on a Kanban board, allowing team members to see the state of every piece of work at any time. Jira’s Kanban board enhances this process by promoting continuous delivery, helping teams define workflows and manage bottlenecks.

The stages of project management

Imagine that you’re starting a project from the very beginning. Project management doesn’t come into play only when you start checking off tasks — you need to lay the groundwork first.

With that in mind, the Project Management Institute (PMI) established five distinct project management phases.

1. Project Initiation

Think the first step of the project management process is planning? Not quite. Before you can map out a strategy for your project, you need to get stakeholder buy-in. Create a project charter to outline the business objective of your project for approval. You can also use a project poster, as it’s a more digestible format that’s faster and easier to read. In this stage, you should answer questions like:

  • What’s the business case for this project?
  • Ist dieses Projekt durchführbar?
  • Sollen wir dieses Projekt weiterverfolgen?

To put it simply, at this stage, you’re trying to decide if this project is worth tackling before you invest too much elbow grease.

A great way to help facilitate this discussion is a premortem, a thought exercise in which you imagine what could go wrong and decide how to prevent it.

2. Project Planning

If you decide to move forward, you’ll head into the project planning stage. This is where you’ll develop a detailed project plan that your entire team will follow––and thank you for! Planning is essential for avoiding scope creep. Questions to answer in this stage include:

  • Was ist das Ziel dieses Projekts?
  • Was sind die KPIs (Key Performance Indicators)?
  • Was ist der Projektumfang?
  • Wie hoch ist das Budget?
  • Welches sind die Risiken?
  • Welche Teammitglieder sind beteiligt?
  • Welche Aufgaben sind erforderlich?
  • Welche Meilensteine müssen erreicht werden?

This step ensures you and your team have shared expectations before you get started. If you think you’re getting too caught up in the minutiae, you aren’t. Strategic planning frameworks can help, too!

3. Project Execution

Grab your coffee and get your power cable because it’s go-time. Stage 3 is where you and your team will roll up your sleeves and start conquering project tasks with your project plan as your guide. In the project execution stage, you’ll need to:

  • Notwendige Ressourcen zuweisen
  • Sicherstellen, dass zugewiesene Personen ihre Aufgaben erledigen
  • Statusbesprechungen abhalten
  • Nachverfolgungssysteme einrichten

In dieser Phase wird der größte Teil der Arbeit erledigt. Jetzt solltest du auch erkennen können, ob dein Projekt auf einem guten Weg ist. Wie du siehst hat sich die ganze Planung gelohnt.

4. Project monitoring and reporting

Nur weil du einen Projektplan ausgearbeitet hast, bedeutet das nicht, dass alles reibungslos laufen wird. Es ist so, als würde man ein Budget für sich festlegen. Das Budget allein bringt aber nichts, wenn du nicht darauf achtest, was mit dem Geld passiert.

That’s why you must monitor project progress to ensure things stay on track. You should evaluate your project against the KPIs you established in the planning stage.

What should you do if your project feels like it’s strayed from the path or fallen prey to scope creep? Take a moment to reevaluate. You can decide if you need to realign things or if your original plan needs to shift. That’s the great thing about monitoring — you have regular checkpoints to correct the course.

5. Project Closure

In der Abschlussphase geht es darum, noch offene Fragen zu klären. Dazu gehört beispielsweise:

  • Die Durchführung einer Post-Mortem-Analyse oder einer Retrospektive, um das Projekt zu bewerten
  • Die Vorbereitung eines abschließenden Projektberichts
  • Collecting and storing necessary project documentation somewhere safe. A collaborative documentation space like Confluence is great for this.

This not only gives your team the chance to officially end the project, but it also makes it easier to refer back to it when necessary.

Key skills every project manager needs

Project managers make sure everyone is on the same page, and initiatives are completed on time. They keep tasks on track, allocate and manage resources, and act as a central point of communication for stakeholders. Here are a few skills every project manager needs to be successful in their role:

  • Leadership: Effective leadership inspires team members, sets clear direction, and motivates everyone to achieve project goals. You can build leadership skills through Atlassian’s Team Playbook, which offers exercises for building trust and alignment within teams.
  • Communication: Strong communication ensures all stakeholders are informed, aligned, and engaged throughout the project lifecycle. Essentially, with a good project manager, no one feels out of the loop. Project managers can communicate clearly using Confluence for documentation and Jira for task updates.
  • Time management: Efficient time management keeps projects on schedule and helps balance multiple priorities. Use Jira’s time tracking features and Gantt chart template to manage tasks and deadlines.
  • Problem-solving: Quick and effective problem-solving helps overcome obstacles and keep projects moving forward. Use Atlassian’s 5 Whys template in Confluence to analyze and solve complex problems.
  • Technical proficiency: Understanding relevant technologies helps make better decisions and communicate with technical team members. Stay updated with Atlassian’s product tutorials and webinars to enhance your technical skills in project management software.
  • Adaptability: Flexibility helps project managers and teams understand and execute changing project requirements and manage unexpected challenges. Practice agile methodologies using Jira’s Scrum and Kanban boards to improve adaptability in project management.
  • Budgeting and cost control: Managing project finances ensures that the project stays within budget constraints. Use Jira’s reporting features to track project costs and avoid going over budget.

Tools used in project management

Die Wahl der richtigen Projektmanagementsoftware kann schwierig sein. Damit dein Team das Beste aus seinem Projektmanagement-Tool herausholt, sollte die Lösung Folgendes ermöglichen:

  • Geteilte Kalender zum Verfolgen von Projektmeilensteinen und Fristen erstellen
  • Dateien und Dokumente für einfachen Zugriff und Zusammenarbeit teilen
  • Aufgabenlisten erstellen und Teammitgliedern Aufgaben zuweisen
  • Projektfortschritt verfolgen und Berichte erstellen
  • Kommunikation zwischen Teammitgliedern und Stakeholdern ermöglichen und optimieren
  • Projektdauer und Budget schätzen
  • Teammitgliedern ermöglichen, Aufgaben zu kommentieren und Feedback zu geben
  • Automatische Erinnerungen und Benachrichtigungen generieren
  • Projektvorlagen zum Optimieren der Projekterstellung einrichten
  • Ressourcen und Workloads verwalten
  • Vorgänge und Risiken verfolgen
  • Änderungsanträge verwalten
  • Detaillierte Berichte erstellen
  • Projektperformance überwachen
board

Project managers rely on a variety of tools to plan, execute, and monitor projects. Some popular project management tools are:

  • Gantt charts: Visual timelines that show project tasks, durations, and dependencies. They help managers schedule activities and track progress over time.
  • Work breakdown structure (WBS): Hierarchical representations of project tasks that break large projects into smaller chunks.
  • Project timelines: Chronological representations of project milestones and deadlines.
  • Dashboards: Customizable interfaces that display key project metrics, status updates, and performance indicators at a glance.
  • Boards: Agile teams use Scrum boards to manage sprints and product backlogs and Kanban boards to manage workflows and limit work in progress.

With Jira, you can use all these tools and more to track issues, user stories, and tasks through customizable workflows.

Try Jira Scrum Boards

Wichtige Mitglieder eines Projektteams

Every project must begin by identifying roles and responsibilities. Knowing your role upfront sets everyone up for success in staying on track to meet project deadlines. Potential project roles include:

  • Project manager: A person who oversees the entire project and is responsible for the project’s success.
  • Projektträger: Ein Senior Manager, der sich für das Projekt einsetzt und eng mit dem Projektmanager zusammenarbeitet.
  • Teammitglied: Personen, die aktiv an den Projektaufgaben arbeiten.
  • Anbieter: Personen, die Waren oder Services für ein Projekt bereitstellen.
  • Stakeholder: Personen, die ein Interesse an dem Projekt haben. Diese können wie folgt unterteilt werden:
    • Primäre Stakeholder: Personen, die tatsächlich mitarbeiten und aktiv am Projekt beteiligt sind.
    • Sekundäre Stakeholder: Personen, die eventuell an Meetings teilnehmen und eine kleine Rolle spielen, aber nicht an Projektentscheidungen beteiligt sind.
  • Interessierte Stakeholder: Personen, die laufend über das Projekt informiert werden, aber weder eine aktive Rolle spielen noch viel Einfluss haben.
  • Client: The person or team who receives the final project if it’s a client-facing project rather than an internal one.

Projektmanagementvorlagen

Symbol

Vorlage: Kundentyp

Mit der Kundentyp-Vorlage kannst du detaillierte Profile von Zielkunden für Marketing und Produktentwicklung erstellen – komplett mit Kundentypnamen, Zielen, Herausforderungen und Informationsquellen.

Symbol

Vorlage für Customer Journey Mapping

Verwende diese Vorlage, um die Erfahrungen deiner Kunden mit deinem Produkt, einschließlich ihrer Emotionen und Probleme, zu verstehen.

Symbol

Vorlage: Brainstorming mit Unterbrechung

Diese Confluence-Vorlage wird deinem Team helfen, neue Ideen zu entwickeln.

Symbol

DACI-Vorlage

Mit dieser DACI-Vorlage kannst du die Rollen aller Teammitglieder bei der Entscheidungsfindung festlegen, um schneller die richtige Entscheidung treffen zu können.

Symbol

Vorlage: Projektposter

Wenn du keine Project Briefs oder Projektaufträge nutzen möchtest, probiere diese Postervorlage als Alternative aus.

Tips for successful project management

1. Bessere Zusammenarbeit

Good project management is about balancing structure with adaptability. These practices will help you stay organized while remaining nimble enough to tackle whatever comes your way:

  • Kick things off right: Start with a project kickoff meeting. Set goals, timelines, and roles to get everyone on the same page. It's your chance to clear up confusion and build excitement.
  • Map out your dependencies: Tasks and resources are often interconnected. Use tools like Gantt charts to visualize these links and avoid bottlenecks.
  • Find your critical path: Identify the longest chain of must-do tasks. This will help you determine where you have wiggle room and where you need to stick to the schedule.
  • Be realistic with timelines: We all tend to underestimate how long things take. Look at past projects for guidance, and don't be afraid to pad your schedule a bit.
  • Leverage project management software: Tools like Jira keep everything in one place. No more digging through endless email threads to find what you need.
  • Clarify roles and responsibilities: Make sure everyone knows what they're supposed to do. It prevents toe-stepping and helps people play to their strengths.
  • Make it a team effort: Don't plan in isolation. Your team has valuable insights, so involve them in the process. It'll lead to better plans and boost buy-in.
  • Communicate, communicate, communicate: Regular status updates keep everyone in the loop. Be transparent about progress and setbacks.
  • Stay flexible: Requirements can change. Be prepared to adjust your plans while keeping your end goal in sight.


Use Jira to your advantage. Jira boards can help implement many of these practices. They offer real-time updates, promote collaboration, and keep everyone aligned so teams can efficiently plan, track, and manage work.

Projektmanagementvorlagen

Project management templates are shortcuts that save you time, keep your processes consistent, and ensure you’re not reinventing the wheel for every project. Plus, they give your team a familiar structure to work with, making collaboration smoother. Here are the top templates for each project management phase:

Initiierung

Start your project off right with these templates

Planung

Set the stage for success with these project planning templates:

  • Project plan: Create your roadmap for the entire project.
  • Project kickoff: Start things off on the right foot with a well-organized kickoff.

Ausführung

Keep your project moving with these execution-phase templates:

Überwachung

Use the project status template to keep stakeholders in the loop with regular updates and stay on top of your project's success

Abschluss

Wrap up your project effectively with these templates:


Jira offers these templates and more, helping teams improve productivity and streamline project management processes. Want to explore more? Check out Atlassian’s full range of free project management templates.

Streamline project management with Jira

Project management helps teams stay organized, meet deadlines, and deliver high-quality results. Jira is a powerful project management tool that streamlines processes. With customizable workflows, real-time collaboration features, and versatile board views, teams can easily track tasks, manage resources, and generate insightful reports.

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